Contactless payment technologies via NFC (Near Field Communication) have made everyday financial transactions more convenient and faster. However, like any convenient technology, NFC has also attracted criminals. Fraud using NFC cards is becoming increasingly common. In this article, we will examine how exactly criminals steal money from bank cards via NFC, the main methods of fraud, and, importantly, the protective measures that can help avoid losses.
Principles of NFC and PayPass Technology
NFC is a wireless communication technology that allows devices to exchange data over short distances – typically no more than 10 cm. This enables users to make payments simply by bringing their bank card or smartphone close to a terminal. Mastercard's PayPass technology and a similar system from Visa have significantly simplified the purchasing process. However, along with the benefits of using NFC, there are also downsides.
How Criminals Use NFC
Criminals find ways to capture card information via NFC using a technique known as "contactless skimming." This method allows them to obtain bank card data even when it is in the owner's pocket or bag. Criminals use special equipment – devices for reading card information that can intercept data transmitted from the card to the terminal.
One typical scheme involves a criminal using a skimmer while in close proximity to the victim, for example, in public transport or a shopping center. Approaching people who use contactless cards, the criminals "read" the bank card information and then use it to make unauthorized purchases online or in regular stores.
Types of NFC Card Fraud
There are several methods that criminals can use to steal information from bank cards via NFC:
- Contactless skimming: As mentioned above, this is the most popular method of data theft, where a skimmer reads card information right from the victim's pocket or bag.
- Fake terminals: Criminals can create fake terminals for contactless payments, where victims unwittingly decide to make a payment, intercepting card information.
- Malicious applications: Installing dangerous apps on smartphones can lead to a data leak. Some of these apps can act silently, transmitting data to criminals.
- Social engineering: Criminals might also try to trick people into entering card information through fake websites or apps, leading to information leakage.
Each of these methods poses a threat to users, and it is important to understand how to protect yourself.
Protection Against NFC Payment Fraud
Preventing data theft via NFC is possible through a number of precautionary measures. Educating oneself on the conscious use of technology plays a key role in protecting your finances.
Using Special Cases and Wallets
One of the simplest ways to protect against contactless skimming is to use special wallets or cases with RFID (Radio-frequency identification) protection. These block signals and make it impossible to read card data from a distance.
Disabling NFC on Your Device
If you are not using NFC for payments, disable it in your phone or card settings. This will prevent any attempts to read data from the device when it is not in use.
Regular Transaction Checks
Every bank card user should pay attention to their statements and monitor all transactions. If you notice suspicious activities, contact the bank immediately and block the card.
Using Two-Factor Authentication
Banks and financial institutions are increasingly offering two-factor authentication to protect their clients. This measure additionally secures your funds, requiring confirmation of a transaction via SMS or another method.
Public Transport Issues and Fraud Tactics
Public transport is one of the most vulnerable places for criminals. Passengers using contactless cards for fare payments become easy targets. Criminals can be near metro stations or bus stops, blending in with the crowd.
Fraud Tactics
In public transport, criminals can act in several ways:
- Criminals can be among passengers, using small skimmers that can be quickly attached to vehicles or stations nearby.
- They may pose as security personnel, informing of the need to check cards and requesting your financial data under the guise of security.
- In crowded places, criminals can create jams and take advantage of the chaos to access victims' pockets.
How Not to Become a Victim
To avoid trouble in public transport, follow simple recommendations:
- Always keep your belongings with you and watch over them. Make sure your card or phone is not accessible to criminals.
- Learn your rights. Know that law enforcement officers and security personnel cannot demand your card data without a serious reason.
- If you notice a suspicious person with a device that looks like a skimmer, report it immediately to the police or transport service.
Contactless payments via NFC offer clear convenience advantages, but they also carry risks. Knowing how criminals use these technologies and the methods they employ can significantly reduce the likelihood of losses. Make sure you take active precautionary measures, use protective features, and constantly monitor your transactions. Remember, protecting your finances – is your own concern.